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Therizinosaurus
''Therizinosaurus'' (; 'scythe lizard', from the Greek ''therizo'' meaning 'to reap' or 'to cut off' and ''sauros'' meaning 'lizard') is a genus of very large theropod dinosaurs. ''Therizinosaurus'' comprises the single species ''T. cheloniformis'', which lived in the late Cretaceous Period (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian stages, around 70 million years ago), and was one of the last and largest representatives of its unique group, the Therizinosauria. Fossils of this species were first discovered in Mongolia and were originally thought to belong to a turtle-like reptile (hence the species name, ''T. cheloniformis'' – "turtle-formed"). It is known only from a few bones, including gigantic hand claws, from which it gets its name.
==Description==
Though the fossil remains of ''Therizinosaurus'' are incomplete, inferences can be made about their physical characteristics based on related therizinosaurids. Like other members of their family, ''Therizinosaurus'' probably had small skulls atop long necks, with bipedal gaits and heavy, deep, broad bodies (as evidenced by the wide pelvis of other therizinosaurids). Their forelimbs may have reached lengths of up to 2.5 metres (8.2 feet)〔Barsbold, R. (1976c). "New data on ''Therizinosaurus'' (Therizinosauridae, Theropoda) (Russian )." In Devâtkin, E.V. and N.M. Ânovskaâ (eds.), Paleontologiâ i biostratigrafiâ Mongolii. ''Trudy, Sovmestnaâ Sovetsko−Mongol’skaâ paleontologičeskaâ kspediciâ'', 3: 76–92.〕 or even 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) in the largest known specimen.〔 Their hindlimbs ended in four weight-bearing toes, unlike other theropod groups, in which the first toe was reduced to a dewclaw. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated the maximum size of ''Therizinosaurus'' at in length and five tonnes in weight.〔 They are the largest therizinosaurs known, and the largest known maniraptorans.〔Paul, G.S., 2010, ''The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs'', Princeton University Press p. 160〕
The most distinctive feature of ''Therizinosaurus'' was the presence of gigantic claws on each of the three digits of their front limbs. These were common among therizinosaurs but especially large in ''Therizinosaurus'', and while the largest claw specimens are incomplete, they probably reached just under 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length. The claws are the longest known from any animal.〔 The claws were relatively straight, only gradually tapering into a point, and extremely narrow, transversely flattened.〔Barsbold, R. (1983). "Carnivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Mongolia (Russian )." ''Trudy, Sovmestnaâ Sovetsko−Mongol’skaâ paleontologičeskaâ èkspediciâ'', 19: 1–120.〕〔Rozhdestvensky, A.K. (1970). "On the gigantic claws of mysterious Mesozoic reptiles." ''Paleontologischeskii Zhurnal'', 1970(1): 131-141.〕〔Rozhdestvensky, A.K. (1970). "Giant claws of Enigmatic Mesozoic Reptiles." ''Paleontology Journal'', 4(1): 117-125.〕
The feeding habits of ''Therizinosaurus'' are unknown since no skull material has ever been found that could indicate their diet. However, like other therizinosaurs, they were probably primarily herbivorous.〔Svarney, T.E. and Svarney, P.B. (2003). "The Handy Dinosaur Answer Book", 1st ed. Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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